工会的工资溢价效应和工资不平等
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| Title | The Effect of Union on the Wage Structure and Wage Inequality
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| 作者 | 聂海峰 邢春冰 岳希明 |
| Author | Nie Haifeng，Xing Chunbing and Yue Ximing |
| 作者单位 | 中山大学岭南学院；北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院；中国人民大学财政金融学院 |
| Organization | Lingnan College, Sun Yat-sen University;Business School, Beijing Normal University;The School of Finance, Renmin University |
| 作者Email | niehf@mail.sysu.edu.cn;xingchb@bnu.edu.cn; yue@ruc.edu.cn |
| 中文关键词 | 工会工资溢价 分位数回归 方差分解 |
| Key Words | Union；Wage Premium；Quantile Regression；Variance Decomposition |
| 内容提要 | 使用雇员和雇主匹配的大样本数据，考察了工会身份对个体的工资溢价和工资不平等的影响。控制了影响工资的人力资本和企业特征变量后，男性工会工资溢价的平均效应为正，工会促进了会员的工资；女性工会工资溢价的平均效应为负，工会没有促进会员工资提高。使用分位数模型考察工会对工资分布不同分位数的影响表明，工会的工资溢价表现出了“提低”和“控高”的作用：在低分位数上工会身份提高工资收入，而在高分位数工会身份降低工资收入。使用方差分解考察工会对工资不平等的作用表明，工会降低了整体工资不平等，使得收入不平等下降了约11%。工会身份对工资的“提低”和“控高”作用导致的工资溢价差异是工会降低工资不平等的主要途径。 |
| Abstract | Using a large sample of employee and employer matched data, we estimate the wage premiums and the effect on the wage inequality of union membership. After controlling the individual human capital and firm productivity variables, we find that the average union wage premium of the male is positive, the average union wage premium of the female is negative. Union increases its male members’ wage but fails to improve female members' wage. The estimates of quantile regression show that the union wage premiums are positive at lower end and negative at higher end of the wage distribution. The decomposition of variance shows that the wage inequality would have increased about 11% if there were no union in the economy. The effect of union on the wage structure is promoting the lower and limiting the higher, which is the main approach by which the union decreases the wage inequality in the whole society. |
| 文章编号 | WP1215 |
| 登载时间 | 2017-08-28 |
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